Manufacture of articles having a systematic resemblance to a pattern



L. B. WHIPPLE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RES EMBLANCE TO A PATTERN.

APPLICATION HLED AUG.8, lean. RENEWED AUG. 30. 1918 1,362,183, Patented Dec. 14, 1920'.

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L. B. WHIPPLE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC BESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN. APPLICATION FILED was. 19-17. RENEWED AUG. 30. 1918.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

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a" w m z iairan stares raraar LELAND B. WHIPPLE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 PETE-EMPIRE DOUBLE PIVGT LAST COMPANY, 0'36 AUBURN, MAINE, A CORPORATIGN 0F MAINE MANUFAGTURE 05 ARTICLES HAVING A SYSTEMATIC RESEMBLANCE TO A PATTERN.

rename.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec, 14, 192-0..

Application filed August 8, 1317, Serial No. 185,104. Renewed August 30, 1918. Serial No. 252,122.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEL'AND B. lVHiPPLii, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles Having a Systematic Resemblance to a Pattern, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like reference characters on the drawings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to pattern copying,

or the production of objects having a systematic resemblance to a pattern used as a guide or templet, and is disclosed as embodied in a last lathe. Many of the principles and features of the invention are of broad application to the entire class of pattern copying machinery including the production of objects having less than three dimensions, such, for example, as patterns for soles, shoe uppers, clothing, etc., and accordingly I do not intend that all of the appended claims shall be limited in scope to pattern reproducing machinery of the last making or even of the three-dimensional type. I have therefore in many of the claims used words and terms in a generic sense as applying to the broad class of ma-,

chinery of the pattern reproducing type.

It is well known that the width grading mechanism heretofore used on last lathes has been unsatisfactory in very importantgressively as the last being cut becomes wider.

For instance, the 413 model is 7-}; inches in perimeter at the ball. The 413E last is 8% inches in perimeter, and therefore about inch greater in thickness, at this point.

Since the axis of rotation passes through the ball portion near the top of the last, the greater part of this inch is added on the bottom of the last, that is, the last f drops below the model at this oint by nearly inch. This causes a certain variation in the bottom profile of the last as compared with that of the model. The toe tip, being on the axis of rotation, does not drop at all, the heel drops a certain amount and the ball drops (absolutely) more than any other point since it is farther below the axis than any other point. A distinct downward bend in the bottom profile. thus results, on the whole, from the widening. This is especially noticeable in the forepart, giving rise, as stated, to an exaggerated toe spring or distance from the floor line to the toe tip; The reverse difficulty occurs in the case of lasts narrower than the model.

Such Variations in lasts do not correspond to any natural variations in the feet they are intended to fit, since the toes of wide feet do not turn up in correspondence with the increasing toe spring of wide lasts, and vice versa. This difficulty has heretofore been dealt with in two ways. One practice has been to increase the heights of the heels of the wide shoes, in order to diminish the toe spring. This simply treats a symptom and does not reach the root of the difficulty, since the faulty bottom profile remains unchanged, and the shoe, not having the design requisite for a high heel, is nevertheless tipped up on one.

Another practice adopted by makers of lasts for use in the best shoes, has been to use a number of models in turning the set of lasts. Some last makers make by hand, three models in every width and use the width grader only (for instance) in grading the 3B, 4B and 5B lasts from the 413 model. The -6B, 7B and 8B lasts will be cut from a 73 model; the 3G, 4G and 5C lasts will be cut from a 4G model, and so on. This practice is obviously expensive, and the need of a method or procedure which will produce a series of graded lasts conforming suitably to the feet they are to fit, and more specifically, of a machine, which will produce. them which rmay be called a universal machine has long been recognized.

My invention in this specific aspect is directed broadly to the control of the profiles of graded lasts, and to that end I contemplate the production in a block, of panto the special problem. stated above. It is obvious that if a wide last of ordinary shape should be produced from a model andif its forepart were then sawed into thin laminae, preferably perpendicular to its long axis, and if the laminae in the ball and instep portions were then systematically relatively displaced so as to lift them by progressively diminishing amounts proceeding each way from the ball, a last would be formed 'having the same lateral cross-section at every point and hence having the same width, but having its longitudinal.

vertical profile flatter on the bottom than before. Such a last, while giving the desired foot-room, would not entail in the shoe the objectionable drop at the ball which has been described.

Considered in another aspect the invention contemplates the relative shifting of the model and work or the shifting of one of them alone relatively and transversely to a mechanical grading axis with respect to which a grading mechanism is arranged to magnify or reduce differential elements of the model. These differential elements are, for example, sections, strips or laminae of the model which can be regarded as being pantographically produced by the grad- 7 mg mechanlsm. In the machine aspect of the invention, an. important feature is comprised in means for the effecting of such relative shifting. In the illustrated machine, which is for the reproduction of solid objects, the model is shifted upon the grading axis, which is here the axis of revolution.

In another aspect of the invention, I contemplate giving one or more of the'four fundamental instrumentalities of the copying lathe, viz., the model wheel, model holder, tool and work holder, movement during the production of the work whereby the relative shifting of differential elements of the model, or of differential elements of the work, reproduced from those of the model in the manner characteristic of the machine considered as a differential element reproducer, will be effected. This movement may be independent of the grading action normally performed by the machine, if the machine is being used for grading. It may be a movement of a fundamental instrumentality, additional to its behaviorv (either movement or rest) which is incidental merely to the reproduction of differential shifting the model upon its mechanical axis of rotation, without affecting the character of the reproduction of the differential elements themselves.

Considered now with reference to the apparatus by means of which my invention is to be practised it broadly contemplates the presentationof a model and a work piece to the model wheel and tool respectively of a pattern reproducing machine, and the effecting of a change in addition to the relative movements incidental to normal pantographic reproduction in one or more dimenmensions in the relations of these four objects during the cutting of a last. In the machine shown in the drawings, by means of which the invention may be practised and which physically embodies the invention considered in its machine aspect, means is provided for moving the model relatively to its axis of rotation during the turning.

Thus sections of the model to be reproduced are shifted absolutely and relatively out of their normal positions, and are therefore reproduced in the block in like absolutely and relatively shifted position, by the machine shown, as will be more fully ex plained.

These and other features of the invention will be further apparent from the following description of its practice by means of a preferred machine embodying that part of it, it being understood that the scope of the appended claims is not to be determined by the structure or function of the machine shown in the drawings, this being merely one of a number of possible machines by which my invention may be practised, selected for purposes of illustration.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 shows a front elevation of the machine, parts being broken away,

Fig. 2 is a plan of a part of the mechanism,

Fig. 3- is an enlarged elevation of thedog shifting means,

Fig. 4. is a plan, partly in section, of the movable dog,

Fig. 5 is a detail of the dog operating mechanism, and I Fig. 6 illustrates another mode of practising the invention.

The main frame 10, the swingframe 12, the dogs 14 and 16 for holding the block and the gear 18 for rotating the block, the model wheel 17' and the cutter 19 are. shown as of ordinary construction and need not be further described.

The length and width grading mechanism 7' may be of the ordinary type and have not been shown in detail. The mechanism for I driving the model comprises a hollow shaft 21 mounted in the swing frame at 22 and bearing on its inner end a box 24. This box has a guideway 26 which in the lathe shown is circular in form having its center approximately at the point where the heel dog 28 engages the model. Mounted in this guideway is the slide 30 carrying the toe dog 32 which can slidein the guideway 26 about the heel dog 28 as center. The hollow shaft 21 is driven by the gear 34-which in its turn is driven by the gear 36 on the shaft 38. This shaft is driven by the sprocket and chain system 40 which is operated from the sprocket 42 on a hollow shaft 43 mounted at the top of the swing frame coaxial with the pivotal mounting of the swing frame. This hollow shaft is driven by a pulley 44.

The hollow shaft 21 contains a plunger 46 which is linked to the slide 30 by means of a pair of toggle links 48 and has at its outer end a ball and socket joint 50 connecting it with the lever 52. The longitudinal reciprocation of the plunger 46 will move the member 30 in the groove 26 thereby shifting the toe dog 32 of the model transversely to its axis of rotation. The lever 52 is pivotally connected to the swing frame by a fulcrum link 54 and is also pivotally connected at its upper end by a ball and socket joint 56 with a plunger 58 which is slidably mounted in the hollow shaft 43. The longitudinal reciprocation of the plunger 58 will therefore effect the movement of the toe dog 32 which has been described and will effect it regardless of the position of the swing frame since the plunger 58 is mounted in the pivotal axis of the swing frame; while the joint at 50 permits free rotation of the dog by its driving mechanism irrespective of the action of the dog shifting mechanism.

Upon the main frame at the other side of the machine is mounted a bracket 60. Pivoted to this by means of a rock shaft 62 is a segment 64 having an arcuate slot 68 of radius substantially equal to the distance from the end of the plunger 58 to the rock shaft 62. The rock shaft carries on its rear end an arm 66 which extends downward to the bed of the machine. In the slot 68 is pivotally and adjustably mounted the end 7 mounted in the main frame of the machine and has a rack 88 on its lower surface which engages a pinion 90 on a hollow shaft 92 operated by a hand wheel 94 at the front of the machine. A solid shaft 96 operated by a hand wheel 98 and carried within the hollow shaft 92 operates a pinion 100 which engages rack teeth at the bottom of a second bar 102 arranged to slide in the main frame of the machine adjacent to the bar 86. Each of the bars 86 and 102 has a step shown at 104 and 106 respectively, in its upper surface.

It is clear that by the manipulation of the hand wheels 94 and 98 the steps 104 and 106 can be placed at any desired distance from each other and at any desired position in the machine. As the cutting proceeds, therefore, the tail 84 of the pawl 82 will drop into the slot between the steps 104 and 106 at any predetermined instant, thus permitting the pawl 82 to engage the rack 7 6 and pull the arm 66 along with the cutter carriage and rotate the segment 64. If the rod 70 has been adjusted in the slot 68 so that its end is collinear with the rock shaft 62 no movement of the plunger 58 will occur. llf, however, the rod 70 has been adjusted as shown, in Fig. l, the movement of the cutter carriage will pullthe rod 70 to the right thereby drawing out the plunger 46 and lowering the dog 32, z. e. moving it in the direction of the sole of the model. .As the cutter carriage proceeds to the left the tail 84 will reach the step 106, will riseto the upper surface of the bar 102 and disconnect the pawl 82 from the rack 76. This will stop the movement of the dog 32 in the box 24. A leaf spring 107 is mounted on the frame of the machine behind the arm 66 and frictionally holds it in position, when it is not being driven by the cutter carriage.

Two methods of practising my invention by means of the apparatus shown will be described. Fig. 1 shows the 'machine arranged for one and Fig. 6 illustrates the somewhat more complicated result obtained bythe other.

In cutting a wide last according to the former procedure the model and the block are mounted in the lathe with their heel ends to the right instead of to the left as is the ordinary practice, and the graders are adjusted as usual. The cutting is begun at the heel and proceeds as far as the ball in the ordinaryway, the segment 64 remaining motionless asthe pawl 84 slides over the upper surface of the bar 86. The position of the depression between the steps 104 and 106 is adjusted so that the tail 84 will fall into it at the time the cutter and model wheel reach the ball of the last and model respectively.

The dog 32 then begins to move downward as seen in Fig. 1. This alters the similarity of the relations between the four principal members of the operating machine, namely, the model, block, model wheel and cutter, and causes the toe which is cut on the block to be cut as if it were being reproduced from a model the toe ofwhich Was being continuously bent downward toward the floor line, while the girth increasing action of the width grader is not interfered with. In other words, when the model section which is being reproduced is low the cutter will not cut so high on the sole of-the last being formed, and vice versa. Still another aspect of the phenomenon is the effective shifting of transverse laminae or differential elements of the model which are being traversed by the model wheel. These are moved absolutely relatively to their normal position, and are also moved relatively to one another. In the machine shown, the rate of their relative shift, or the differential of their relative movement throughout the series of the shifted laminae is substantially constant, and is predetermined in magnitude and direction by theadjustment of the end of the rod on the segment 64;. The magnification of the model toe springwhich would otherwise be introduced by the Width grading mechanism will therefore be partially, completely, .or over-corrected according to the adjustment of the rod 7 0 upon the segment 64, this adjustment controlling, as will be easily understood, the velocity of the movement of the dog 32.

Still another aspect of the result accomplished by my invention is the generation, in the block, of pantographically reproduced sections of the model, differentially shifted upon one another, entirely irrespective of the movement of the corresponding sections in the model which, in the machine shown,

. produces them, and I regard any method of producing this result, which is included by the appended claims,- as within the scope of my invention. To illustrate ;-A model might be sawed into laminae, the laminae might then be fastened together in relatively shifted position and the reshaped model placed in the ordinary lathe and copied according to the ordinarypractice.

The segment 64 is so oriented upon the shaft 62 that its center of curvature coincides substantially with the pivot 7 2 when the arm 66 is in its rightmost position, as seen in Fig. 1. This enables the adjustment to be made without disturbing the dog 32. If it is desired to have this correcting movement of the dog 32 extend up to the end of the toe, the step 106 will be moved to the left so that the pawl 84 will not strike it during the cutting. If, on the other hand, it is desired that the toe spring correction be made only-over a portion of the toe, the step 106 will be adjusted to lift the tail 84 at the used in other ways, in the practice of the invention. In the use of the machine now to be described the model and block will be mounted in the lathe in the ordinary way with their toes to the right and preferably the bar 86 willbe moved so far to the right that the movement of the dog 32 begins at or near the beginning of the cutting, .the rod 70 being adjusted below the axis 62 so that the heel of the model will be raised as the cutting proceeds. lVhen the ball is reached the rod 70 will be re-adjusted in the slot 68 to the other side of the shaft 62. The length adjustment 71 permits this without causing any appreciable movement of the remainder made in such a manner that the dog 32 will be returned to its original position perhaps about one third of the Way between the ball and the heel. The step 106 will have been adjusted to disconnect the pawl 82 and the rack 76 at this point and the cutting of the heel part of the last will proceed as usual, with the model in its ordinary position.

This procedure is illustrated in Fig. 6. The full line profile 110 is that of the model. The dash outline 112 is that of the wider last produced tice. The dotted outline 114 is that of a wide last havin the same footroom produced as a described in accordance with my invention.

by the ordinary grading prac- The dotted line 116 represents the locus of the points in which the instantaneous axis of rotation of the model pierces the transverse section with which the model wheel is then in contact. The axis of the blockand the normal axis of the model are represented by the dash line at 118. The coincidence of the dotted and dash lines in the rear part of the figure will be noticed. The distance 120, which corresponds to the maximum displacement of the dog, has been so, chosen in drawing this figure that all the material added to the model from the toe to the ball is added to its upper surface only. The geometric relation between the different outlines is given by the equations:

i lnesses conditions of the problem now being discussed. Therefore mX ab ='m[cb (120)] at and the shift at the ball section is proportional to the sole profile radius vector from the grading axis, and is also a function of (but not proportional to) the grading ratio, m.

The differential elements orslices of the model are reproduced by magnifying all distances from the center of rotation (which may be called the'pole)"to' the periphery, and the magnified distances are laid off in the work from a center of rotation in the work, which may be called the pole of the reproduction. In the operation of the ordinary' pantographic reproduction mechanism found in the commonlast lathe, both poles have the same relation to the differential. elements to which they relate and lie in the axes of rotation at all times. The present invention in effect arranges the model poles and work poles along differently shaped lines in the model and work, thus effecting a difference in shape between the model and the work without affecting the pantographic relation between their corresponding elements. places all of the work poles along a straight line in the work along the mechanical axis of rotation of the work, while the model is moved continuously so that the model poles, while always in the mechanical axis of rotation of the model at the instant they are in reproductional use,'occupy a curved line,

in the model. If this line (the line 116 in Fig. 6) were a wire with the differential ele-- ments strung upon it and were pulled taut, the resulting shifting of the differential elements would illustrate the function of the illustrated machine.

The above discussion is not strictly accurate considered from an abstract mathematical standpoint as applied to the actual machine shown. This machine does not re produce an entire, parallel-sided differential slice of the model separately and distinctly from an adjacent such slice, since the model wheel and cutter pass around the model and block in spirals (of about 55inch pitch in ordinary practice) while the model shift goes on continuously; but by shortening the longitudinal feed per rotation the idcalcondition of infinitely thin sections reproduced as separate entities described in the preceding paragraph can be approximated in the actual machine shown as closely as'desired, the actual degree of exactness to be reached being merely a matter for commercial judgment. With a feed of inch per revolution, the discrepancies from the The machine shown and neutralizes to any desired extent the action of the width grading mechanism in moving down the ball from the axis of rotation, without affecting the increase in girth produced. After the second adjustment of the rod the shank and heel of the'model descend into their normal positions. If this return movement were not made the last out would be nearly identical with the last out in the ordinary lathe from a model mounted on a heel dog engaging it at a lower point than is the practice, so that the model would rotate on an axis sloping downward and backward. The toe spring of such a last would be very little affected.

In the first operation described above the action of the width grader in tipping down the shank, that is, in lowering the ball relative to the heel, is not interfered with, but the ensuing raising of the toe part relative to the ball is corrected, and I have found that satisfactory lasts can be produced in this way. In the second described operation the dropping of those parts ofthe last both before and behind the ball, below the axis of rotation, is corrected.

It will of course be understood that many physical embodiments of my invention are possible. The shifting of the model which effects the desired modification of the action of the width grader on the block may take the form of moving either end of the model in the proper direction, or of moving both ends of the model simultaneously in the same or in opposite directions, so that it may tip more or less rapidly or may remain always parallel to itself, during the cutting. The effect desired may be also produced by shifting the block instead of the model, or by shifting both' simultaneously. It is only necessary that the similarity of their relations to the mechanisms that engage them (the model wheel and cutter) be varied during the cutting, and this may indeed be accomplished by shifting either one of the four. I regard any such arrangement coming within the terms of my claims as within the scope of my invention. My invention is not limited in its practice to cases in which the magnification ratio is different from unity. In case the width grader is set at zero, a last of the same width as the model but with different toe spring can be produced. I intend that the word panto- I pattern, whether-such articles are solid as or object being produced.

illustrated in this specification or flat or linear. It will be obvious, for example, that the model in a machine for grading cloth.-

ing patterns (such as the well known Hartford pattern grading machine) may be moved during the traverse of its periphery by the tracing point, the movement having a definite relation to the position of the cutting tool or of the tracin point, as disclosed herein. Such proce ure would modify the relation of the element being reproduced to its adjacent elements, in accordance Withthe present invention.

Accordingly, thereforefIdeisire that the terms of the claims be interpreted broadly.

Having described the invention," what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a block, and poweroperated means for pantographically reproducing in the block sections of the model produced sections upon'one another as they are formed;

2. Ina three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a block and a grading mechanism and connections for pantographically reproducing in the block sections taken from the model, and for automatically shifting, such reproduced sections upon one another as theyare formed. e

3. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a block and means for pantographically reproducing in the block sections taken from the model, and for shifting such reproduced sections upon one another'as they are formed.

4. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means. for holding a model and a block, and means for pantographically reproducing in the block sections taken fromthe model and for shifting such reproduced sections upon one anothe'r at an arbitrarily predetermined rate as they are formed.

5. In a pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a block, a grading mechanism and connections for pantographically reproducing in the block sections of the model. and for predeterminedly relatively shifting reproduced sections upon one another. permitting a change in the amount and shifting any desired portion of such reof relative shift at of the work.

6. In a pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a block, grading means for pantographically reproducing inthe block sections of the model, and powerdriven connections Jfo'r relatively shifting reproduced sections upon one another in one direction in one portion of the last, and in another direction in another portion of the last. I

7. I a machine of the class described, means for relatively displacing sections of a modelv and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

8. In a machine of the class described, a

an intermediate point lever and connections for difierentially shifting sections of a model and for pantographica ly reproducing such sections in a block. i

9'. In a machine of theclass described, means comprising a lever .for continuously shifting sections of a model upon one'another in order, and forpantographically reproducing such sections 1n a block. 10. In a machine of the class described, model handling means for relatively ,shifting sections of a model taken in order, upon one another, and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

11. In a machine ofthe class described,

' means comprisinga shiftable dog" for relatively shifting sections of a model taken inorder by predetermined amounts and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

12.- In a machine of the class described, means for relatively shifting sections of a model taken in order at a predetermined rate and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

13. In a machineof the class described,- means for automatically relatively displacing -sect-ionsof a model and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

14. In a machine of the class described,

means for automatically continuously shifting sections of a model upon one another in order, and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block. v

15. In a machine'of the class described, dog'shifting means for automatically. relatively shifting, sections ofa model taken in order by predetermined amounts and for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

16. In a machine of the class described, means comprising a'lever operated in-time "'re1ationto th production 0f the WO'rk' automatically relatively shifting'se'ctions of a model taken in order at a predetermined rate and. for pantographically reproducing such sections in a block.

17 In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, mechanism for rotating and presenting a model and block to said instrumentalities respectively and means for varying the relation between one of said objects and its rotational axis during the cutting of a last to effect a relative displacement of differential elements in the work.

18. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, mechanism for rotating and presenting a model and block to said instrumentalities respectively and means for gradually varying automatically the relation of one of said objects to its rotational axis during the cutting of a last in order to vary the normal relations between reproduced' differential elements.

19. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, mechanism for rotating and presenting a model and block to said instrumentalities respectively and means including a shiftable dog for varying at a predetermined rate the relation of one of said objects to its rotational axis during the cutting of a last While preserving the pantographic nature of the reproduction.

20. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, and mechanism for opera tively presenting a model and block respectively to said instrumentalities, comprising rotating centers and means for gradually varying the relation between one of said objects and its centers during the turning of a last, the rate of variation being not directly related to the rotational period.

21. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter,

' and a swing frame having centers for supporting and rotating a model anda block in operative relation to said wheel and cutter, one of said centers comprising a dog constructed and arranged to be movable relative to the axis of rotation of said center during the cutting of the last to alter the normal relation between reproduced differential elements. I

22. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter,

and a swing frame having centers for sup porting and rotating a model and a block in operative relation to said wheel and cutter, one of said centers comprising a dog constructed and arranged to be movable in one direction relative to the axis of rotation of said center during the cutting of a part of the last and in another direction during the cutting of another part of the last.

23. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter, a swing frame having centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block in operating relation to said wheel and cutter respectively, one of said centers comprising a dog' constructed and arranged to be automaticallv movable relative to the axis of rotation of said center during the cutting of a last, operating mechanismfer the dog, and a connection forcommunicating power to the operating mechanism during an arbitrary portion of the last cutting.

24. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter,

, turning it to normal a swing frame having centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block in operating relation to said wheel and cutter, one of said centers comprising a dog constructed and arranged to be movable at a predetermined rate relatively to the axis of rotation of'said center during the cutting of a last, the dog having a movement continuously in the same direction during a number of revolutions of the model.

25. In a last lathe, model wheel and cutter carriages, centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block, a dog movably mounted on one of said centers and connections between one of said carriages and said dog for moving said dog relatively to the axis of said center during the cutting of a last.

1 26. In a last lathe, model wheel and cutter carriages, centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block, a dog movably mounted on one of said centers and connec- .tions between one of said carriages and said dog for moving said dog at a predetermined rate relatively to the axis of said center duringthe cutting of a last, said connections comprising a clutch element automatically operable at a predetermined point of the last cutting.

27. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter, 5

means for effecting simultaneous rotation of said model or said block about an axis substant-ially perpendicular to said longitudinal axis and parallel to the tread face at a predetermined speed during the turning of a last.

29. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter, mechanism for presenting amodel and block tosaid wheel and cutter respectively, and rotating them about longitudinal axes, and a dog and connections for moving said model or block in a direction substantially perpendicular to its bottom during the turning.

30. In a last lathe, a swing frame having dogs constructed and arranged for rotating a model and a block, and mechanism for shifting one of the dogs substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

31. In a last lathe, dogs for supporting and rotating a model and a block, and means comprising a slide for moving a dog transversely to the axis of rotation and then reposition, during the cut: ting of a last.

32. In a last lathe, dogs for supporting and rotating a model and block, and means for effecting reciprocation of a dog transversely to the axis of rotation during the last cutting, While preserving the pantographic nature of the reproduction.

33. In a last lathe, dogs for supporting and rotating a model and a block, and a lever and connections for moving a dog a predetermined amount transversely to the axis of rotation during a predetermined portion of the last cutting, and for returning it to normal position during an ensuing predetermined portion of the cutting, both of said portions extending over a substantial interval along the work.

34. In a last lathe, a swing frame having dogs constructed and arranged for rotating a model and a block, and mechanism for shifting one of the dogs substantially perpendicularly to the axis of rotation, comprising a drive connection coaxial with the pivotal axis of the swing frame, whereby the dog, shifting mechanism may operate independently of the position of the swing frame.

35. In a last lathe, a swing frame having dog rotating means, a dog arranged for rotation by the means, and constructed for shifting movement relative to the axis of rotation, mechanism for shifting the dog comprising a member coaxial with the rotating means, and a member coaxial with the swing frame whereby the shifting means may 0perate independently of the position of the swing frame and rotating means.

36. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid bodies which consists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of substantially parallel sections of a- "model diflerentially shifted upon one another parallel to their planes.

37. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid bodies which consists in automatically producing in a block pantographic reproductions of successive substantially parallel sections of a model and shifting them upon one another differentially at a predetermined rate.

38. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in automatically producing in a block pantographic reproductions of successive substantially parallel sections of a model and shifting them upon one another differentially at a predetermined rate, and behind the ball being opposed.

39. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of substantially parallel sections of a model and raisin those in the ball portion of the last by differentially varying amounts.

40. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in relatively shifting sections of a model and in pantothe directions of shift before graphically reproducing them, while so rel-' atively shifted, in a block.

41. A method of turning lasts which consists of rotating the blank and model about suitable axes while the tool is operating upon the portion of the blank which is to form the toe of the last, and shifting one of said objects after the toeportion has been formed to cause rotation thereof about an axis at an angle to the first named axis so that the toe portion. of the completed last will be shifted with reference to the heel portion of such last.

42. In a last turning machine, a pattern turning means, a last blank rotating means,

and means for effecting a relative movement between the axis of rotation of the blank and the pattern in an angular direction during the formation of the last.

43. In a last turning machine, model and last blank supporting and rotating means having means for varying the axis of rotation of one of said objects in angular direction during the rotation.

44.In a last turning machine, a pair of spindles between which the model is held, and automatic mechanism for moving one of said spindles transversely of its turning work during the production of the work to effect systematic variations from geometri-- cal reproduction of the pattern in the work.

47. That improvement in the art of producing articles having a systematic resemblance to the pattern which consists in guiding a work contacting tool from the pattern and relatively moving the pattern and work during the reproduction to produce systematic variations from geometrical reproduction of the pattern in the work.

48. That improvement inthe art of producing articles having a systematic resemblance to a pattern which consists in rotat-.

ing the pattern and the work, guiding awork contacting tool from the pattern and relatively moving the axes of rotation of the pattern and work to effect s stematic variations from geometrical repro notion in Y the work.

49. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in making pantographic reproductions of substantially parallel sections of a model and arranging them in order along a profile in which the ball point is at an arbitrary distance from the main longitudinal axis of the last to be produced.

50. In a machine of the class described, means for holding a model and a block and means for pantographically reproducing substantially parallel "sections of the model and for placing a selected section in an arbitrary vertical relation to the main longitudinalaxis of the last and for arranging the remainingsections continuously along a profile line proceeding from one extremity of the last through the periphery of the selected section.

51. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid bodies which consists in presenting a block to a cutter and a model to a guide, governing the relation between the cutter and block by that between the model and guide to reproduce the model section by section, and causing variations in the relations between the four objects independent of the reproductional relative movements to effect a relative shift between reproduced sections, said shift being substantially parallel to the sections.

52. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, model and block holding instrumentalities, model and block following instrumentalities, means for causin relative movement between the block an its following instrumentalities to effect a pantographic reproduction of the model, section by section, andconnections for combining with such movement a movement effecting a relative lateral shift between the reproduced sections. 53. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis, and means for shifting the model transversely to the grading axis to relatively displace reproduced elements 54. In a pattern copylng'machine, a gradin mechanism for magnifying or reducing I di erential elements of the'model in relation toa grading axis, and a lever and connections for relatively shifting the model and work in relation to the said axis.

55. In a last turning lathe, means for rotating a model, and a shifting dog and connections for automatically shifting the model relatively to the axis of rotation, the amount of shift during one revolution of the model being small as compared with any dimension of the portion of the model treated during the revolution.

56. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which comprises revolving the last block on a fixed axis and shifting the model relatively to its axis of revolution a distance proportional to the radius of that portion of a longitudinal profile of the model which is being operated upon by the model Wheel.

57 T hat improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which comprises shifting the model relatively to its axis of revolution a distance proportional to the radius of that portion of the profile of the sole of the last which it is desired to use on a control point,

said distance being also a function of the 59. In.a pattern copying machine, a grad ing mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis and means comprising a dog shifting mechanism tending to displace the model transversely to the grading axis.

60. In a pattern copying machine, a grading mechanism for magnifying or reducing differential elements of the model in relation to a grading axis, and connections tend ing to relatively shift the model and work transversely to said axis.

61. In a pattern copying machine, means for magnifying or reducing differential elements of a model taken with regard to a grading axis, said means comprising a dog and connections for relatively moving the model and work with regard to the axis,

- to effect a relative displacement of the reproduced differential elements.

62. That improvement in the art of manufacturing irregular objects which consists in grading differential elements of a model with regard to a grading axis, and relatively shifting the model and Work with regard to the grading axis to efiect a relative shift of the graded elements in the work.

63. In a machine of the class described, means for grading substantially parallel sections of a model from poles lying in the planes of the sections, and pantographically reproducing the sections in the Work, the poles of the model sections lyingv along a non-straight line extending longitudinally in the model.

64. In a machine of the class described, model and work holding means, grading mechanism comprising a lever and connections for pantographically reproducing differential elements of the model in the work 125 in relation to a grading axis considered as lyingin the model, in such manner that the grading axis itself is automatically re- 65. In a machine of the class described, model and work holding means, grading mechanism for pantographically reproducing differential elements of the model with relation to a point in each element, automatically in such manner that the loci of such points in the model and of their reproductions in the work are difierently shaped.

66. In a machine of the class described, model and work holding means, grading mechanism comprising an off-setting device, operated in relation to the progression from element to element, for pantographically reproducing difl'erential elements of the model with. relation to a point in each element, in such manner that the loci of such points in the model and of their reproductions in the Work are differently shaped according to a predetermined rule. 1

67. In a pattern copying machine, model measuring and reproducing means, the former arranged to measure a dilierential element'of the model in respect to a pole, and the latter arranged to reproduce automatically this element in the work in respect to a pole insuch mannerthat the two poles occupy dissimilar positions in the model and work as regards the poles of adjacent elements.

68. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographically controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel; and means for effecting a relative movement between a said controlled and a said controlling element to effect relative lateral movement between differential elements in the reproduction.

69. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographicall controlled by the relation between the mo el holder and model Wheel; and a driving mechanism for effecting a relative movement between a said controlled and a said controlling element to eflect relative lateral movement between differential elements in the reproduction.

70. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, a model holder, a model wheel,

a block holder anda' cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographically controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel; and driving mechanism for causing a lateral movement of one of. the said elements independent of its behavior incident to the pantographic reproduction.

71. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being controlled by the relation between the model holder and model wheel supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to effect pantographic reproduction, and a driving mechanism intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect non-pantographic relative sliding betwleen difiierential ,ele ments in the reproduction.

72. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a block holder and a cutter, the relation between the block holder and cutter being pantographically controlled by the relation between the model holder and model Wheel, supporting and operating mechanism for relatively moving said elements to effect reproduction of differential elements, and a mobile connection intermediate between one of said elements and the supporting and operating mechanism to effect relative sliding between differential elements in the reproduction.

73. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a model wheel, a work holder and a Work contacting tool, supporting and operating means for these four instrumentalities constructed and arranged to cause relative pantographic movement between the model instrumentalities and the work instrumentalities respectively, the relation between the Work instrumentalities being governed primarily by the relation between the model instrumentalities to produce systematic reproduction of differential elements ofthe model in the work, and driving mechanism for compounding with the normal reproductional action of a said instrumentality a movement to eflect a lateral move ment between reproduced differential elements in the work.

74. That improvement in the art of producing solid articles having a systematic resemblance to a solid pattern which consists in controlling the relation between the work and a work contacting tool by the relation between a model and model guide to reproduce differential elements of the model accordingto a systematic law, and elfecting a relative movement between a controlled and a controlling element to efl'ect relative sliding of reproduced difi'erential model elements. v

7 5. That improvement in the art of pro. ducing solid objects having a systematic resemblance to a solid pattern which consists in controlling the relation between the work and a work contacting tool by the relation between a model and model guide to reproduce difierential elements of the model a'c-' cording to a systematic law, and efi'ecting a movement of one of the said elements independent of its action incidental to pantographic reproduction to effect relative slid-' ing of reproduced difi'erent-ial model ele-.

, ments.

naeaaea 76. A pattern copying machine having model and work holding dogs, and a dog shifting mechanism operated in time relation to the progressive productionvof the Work, comprising a member arranged to engage a power driven member and to transmit power to the dog shifting mechanism, and means for automatically making or breaking or both the engagement of said engaging member with. the power driven member at arbitrarily predetermined points during the production of a piece of work.

- 77. A. pattern copying machine having a I dog-shitting mechanism operated in time relation to the production of the work, a gravity pawl for eilecting a connection be-= tween said dog-shitting mechanism and the main power drive, a member arranged for movement relatively to the pawl as the production of the Work proceeds, to contact with. i

the pawl and having portions arranged to eti'ect and sever the connection between the pawl and the main power drivefand means for bringing the shift from one to the other of said portions at a predetermined instant of the production of the work.

dog-shifting mechanism arranged for operation in time relation to the production of the work, a connection between said mechanism and the main power drive comprising a gravity pawl, two members arranged to engage the pawl and between which and the pattern copying machine having a y pawl relative movement is roduced by the main drive, said members aving portions respectively arranged to cause the pawl to make and break the connection between the shifting mechanism and the main drive, said members being arranged for simultaneous contact with the pawl and for relative move-. ment to bring a portion of the same species on each member in contact with the pawl during a predetermined portion of the pro duction of a piece of work. I

in testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

LELAND B. Wl-HPPLE. 

